රස යන ක ම ලද රව යවල ස ක ත යන රස යන ක ම ලද රව යය ක ට කර ද ක ව ම සදහ භ ව ත කරන ක ට ය ද ම ව ස ම න යය න ම ව ඉ ග ර ස අක ර එකක

රසායනික මූලද්‍රව්‍යවල සංකේත යනු රසායනික මූලද්‍රව්‍යය කෙටි කර දැක්වීම සදහා භාවිතා කරන කෙටි යෙදුම් වේ.සාමාන්‍යයෙන් මේවා ඉංග්‍රිසි අකුරු එකකින් හෝ දෙකකින් සමන්විත වේ. අකුරු දෙකක් ඇතිවිට පලමු අකුර කැපිටල් අකුරක් වන අතර දෙවන අකුර සිම්පල් අකුරකි. එක් අකුරක් නම් එය කැපිටල් අකුරකි. තාවකාලික නම් සදහා අකුරු 3ක් ඇත.මෙම සංකේත විශාල ලෙස භාවිතා වන්නේ රසායන විද්‍යාවේදි වන අතර මෙම නාමකරණය අන්තර්ජාතික ශුද්ධ හා ව්‍යවහාරික රසායන විද්‍යා සංගමය මගින් සිදුකරයි . සමහරක් පැරණි සංකේත තවදුරටත් භාවිතා නොකරන අවස්ථාද පවතී.

ආවර්තිතා වගුවෙහි ඇති මූලද්‍රව්‍ය කාණ්ඩ

ලෝහ		අලෝහ		අඥාත රසායනික ගුණ
ක්ෂාර ලෝහ	ක්ෂාරීය පාංශු ලෝහ	අනෙකුත් අලෝහ	හැලජන

පවත්නා සංකේත

සංකේතය	නම	සංකේතයෙහි නිරුක්තිය			කාණ්ඩය	ආවර්තය
Ac		from Greek	89	&227[227]		7
Ag		Latin	47	&107.86822107.8682(2)	11	5
Al	Aluminium (Aluminum)	Latin	13	&026.9815386826.9815386(8)	13	3
Am		the Americas	95	&243[243]		7
Ar		Greek	18	&039.948139.948(1)	18	3
As		Greek	33	&074.92160274.92160(2)	15	4
At		Greek	85	&210[210]	17	6
Au	Gold	Latin aurum	79	&196.9665694196.966569(4)	11	6
B	Boron		5	&010.811710.811(7)	13	2
Ba		Greek	56	&137.3277137.327(7)	2	6
Be			4	&009.01218239.012182(3)	2	2
Bh		Niels Bohr	107	&264[264]	7	7
Bi		from German , becoming bismuth in English	83	&208.980401208.98040(1)	15	6
Bk			97	&247[247]		7
Br		Greek	35	&079.904179.904(1)	17	4
C	Carbon	Latin	6	&012.0107812.0107(8)	14	2
Ca	කැල්සියම්	Latin	20	&040.078440.078(4)	2	4
Cd	Cadmium	from Greek	48	&112.4118112.411(8)	12	5
Ce		Ceres	58	&140.1161140.116(1)		6
Cf			98	&251[251]		7
Cl	Chlorine	Greek	17	&035.453235.453(2)	17	3
Cm		and and the traditional -um ending	96	&247[247]		7
Cn			112	&285[285]	12	7
Co		from German	27	&058.933195558.933195(5)	9	4
Cr		Greek	24	&051.9961651.9961(6)	6	4
Cs	(Cesium)	Latin	55	&132.90545192132.9054519(2)	1	6
Cu	තඹ	Latin Cuprum	29	&063.546363.546(3)	11	4
Db			105	&262[262]	5	7
Ds			110	&271[271]	10	7
Dy		Greek dysprositos	66	&162.5001162.500(1)		6
Er			68	&167.2593167.259(3)		6
Es		Albert Einstein	99	&252[252]		7
Eu		Europe	63	&151.9641151.964(1)		6
F	Fluorine	Latin fluo	9	&018.9984032518.9984032(5)	17	2
Fe	Iron	Latin ferrum	26	&055.845255.845(2)	8	4
Fm			100	&257[257]		7
Fr		France	87	&223[223]	1	7
Ga	Gallium	Latin	31	&069.723169.723(1)	13	4
Gd			64	&157.253157.25(3)		6
Ge		Germany	32	&072.64172.64(1)	14	4
H	Hydrogen	Greek	1	&001.0079471.00794(7)	1	1
He		Greek helios	2	&004.00260224.002602(2)	18	1
Hf		Latin	72	&178.492178.49(2)	4	6
Hg		Latin hydr	80	&200.592200.59(2)	12	6
Ho		Latin	67	&164.930322164.930 32(2)		6
Hs			108	&277[277]	8	7
I		Greek	53	&126.904473126.904 47(3)	17	5
In			49	&114.8183114.818(3)	13	5
Ir		Greek	77	&192.2173192.217(3)	9	6
K	Potassium (Kalium)	Latin kalium	19	&039.0983139.0983(1)	1	4
Kr		Greek kryptos	36	&083.798283.798(2)	18	4
La		Greek lanthanien	57	&138.905477138.90547(7)		6
Li	Lithium	Greek lithos	3	&006.94126.941(2)	1	2
Lr	Lawrencium		103	&262[262]	3	7
Lu		Latin	71	&174.9671174.967(1)	3	6
Md			101	&258[258]		7
Mg			12	&024.3050624.3050(6)	2	3
Mn	Manganese	Latin	25	&054.938045554.938045(5)	7	4
Mo		Greek	42	&095.94295.94(2)	6	5
Mt			109	&268[268]	9	7
N	Nitrogen	Greek	7	&014.0067214.0067(2)	15	2
Na	සෝඩියම්	Latin natrium	11	&022.98976928222.98976928(2)	1	3
Nb			41	&092.90638292.906 38(2)	5	5
Nd		Greek neos	60	&144.2423144.242(3)		6
Ne	Neon	Greek neos	10	&020.1797620.1797(6)	18	2
Ni		German	28	&058.6934258.6934(2)	10	4
No			102	&259[259]		7
Np		Neptune	93	&237[237]		7
O	Oxygen	Greek oxys	8	&015.9994315.9994(3)	16	2
Os		Greek	76	&190.233190.23(3)	8	6
P	Phosphorus	Greek phoros	15	&030.973762230.973762(2)	15	3
Pa		Greek protos and	91	&231.035882231.03588(2)		7
Pb		Latin	82	&207.21207.2(1)	14	6
Pd		(genitive Pallados)	46	&106.421106.42(1)	10	5
Pm			61	&145[145]		6
Po			84	&210[210]	16	6
Pr		Greek	59	&140.907652140.90765(2)		6
Pt		Greek	78	&195.0849195.084(9)	10	6
Pu		Pluto	94	&244[244]		7
Ra		Latin	88	&226[226]	2	7
Rb		Latin	37	&085.4678385.4678(3)	1	5
Re		German	75	&186.2071186.207(1)	7	6
Rf		Ernest Rutherford	104	&261261	4	7
Rg			111	&272[272]	11	7
Rh		Greek	45	&102.905502102.905 50(2)	9	5
Rn		and	86	&220[220]	18	6
Ru		Latin Ruthenia	44	&101.072101.07(2)	8	5
S	(Sulphur)	Latin	16	&032.065532.065(5)	16	3
Sb		Latin	51	&121.7601121.760(1)	15	5
Sc	Scandium		21	&044.955912644.955912(6)	3	4
Se		Greek selene	34	&078.96378.96(3)	16	4
Sg			106	&266[266]	6	7
Si		Latin	14	&028.0855328.0855(3)	14	3
Sm			62	&150.362150.36(2)		6
Sn		Latin	50	&118.7101118.710(7)	14	5
Sr		Gaelic Strontian	38	&087.62187.62(1)	2	5
Ta		King	73	&180.947882180.94788(2)	5	6
Tb			65	&158.925352158.92535(2)		6
Tc		Greek technetos	43	&098[98]	7	5
Te		Greek tellus	52	&127.603127.60(3)	16	5
Th	Thorium		90	&232.038062232.03806(2)		7
Ti		the	22	&047.867147.867(1)	4	4
Tl		Greek	81	&204.38332204.3833(2)	13	6
Tm		and the traditional -ium ending	69	&168.934212168.93421(2)		6
U	Uranium	Uranus	92	&238.028913238.02891(3)		7
Uuh		Latin , , and Greek	116	&292[292]	16	7
Uuo	Ununoctium	Latin , , and	118	&294[294]	18	7
Uup		Latin , , and Greek	115	&288[288]	15	7
Uuq		Latin , , and	114	&289[289]	14	7
Uus		Latin , , and Greek	117	&295[295]	17	7
Uut		Latin , , and Greek	113	&284[284]	13	7
V			23	&050.9415150.9415(1)	5	4
W		German	74	&183.841183.84(1)	6	6
Xe		Greek	54	&131.2936131.293(6)	18	5
Y			39	&088.90585288.90585(2)	3	5
Yb			70	&173.043173.04(3)		6
Zn		German	30	&065.409465.409(4)	12	4
Zr			40	&091.224291.224(2)	4	5

ආවර්තිතා වගුවෙහි ඇති මූලද්‍රව්‍ය කාණ්ඩ

ලෝහ		අලෝහ		අඥාත රසායනික ගුණ
ක්ෂාර ලෝහ	ක්ෂාරීය පාංශු ලෝහ	අනෙකුත් අලෝහ	හැලජන

Symbols not currently used

The following is a list of names formerly used or suggested for use in naming the elements listed above. Also included in this list are placeholder names and names given by discredited claimants for discovery. Names which retain local use (as with aluminum and jod, for aluminium and iodine respectively) are not included in this table.

Chemical symbol	Name	Atomic number	Origin of symbol
A		18	Current symbol is Ar.
Ab	Alabamine	85	Discredited claim to discovery of .
Am	Alabamium	85	Discredited claim to discovery of .
An	Athenium	99	Proposed name for .
Ao	Ausonium	93	Discredited claim to discovery of .
Az	Azote	7	Former name for nitrogen.
Bv	Brevium	91	Former name for .
Bz	Berzelium	59	Suggested name for .
Cb	Columbium	41	Former name of .
Cb	Columbium	95	Suggested name for .
Cp	Cassiopeium	71	Former name for .
Ct	Centurium	100	Proposed name for .
Ct	Celtium	72	Former name of .
Da	Danubium	43	Suggested name for .
Db		104	Proposed name for . The symbol and name were used for element 105.
Eb	Ekaboron	21	Name given by to an as of then undiscovered element. When discovered, scandium closely matched the prediction.
El	Ekaaluminium	31	Name given by Mendeleev to an as of then undiscovered element. When discovered, gallium closely matched the prediction.
Em	Emanation	86	Also called radium emanation, the name was originally given by in 1900. In 1923, this element officially became (the name given at one time to ²²²Rn, an isotope identified in the decay chain of ).
Em	Ekamangan	43	Name given by Mendeleev to an as of then undiscovered element. When discovered, closely matched the prediction.
Es	Ekasilicon	32	Name given by Mendeleev to an as of then undiscovered element. When discovered, closely matched the prediction.
Es	Esperium	94	Discredited claim to discovery of .
Fa		87	Current symbol is Fr.
Fr	Florentium	61	Discredited claim to discovery of .
Gl	Glucinium	4	Former name of .
Ha	Hahnium	105	Proposed name for .
Ha	Hahnium	108	Proposed name for .
Il	Illinium	61	Discredited claim to discovery of .
Jg	Jargonium	72	Discredited claim to discovery of .
Jo	Joliotium	105	Proposed name for .
Ku	Kurchatovium	104	Proposed name for .
Lw	Lawrencium	103	Current symbol is Lr.
M	Muriaticum	17	Former name of chlorine.
Ma	Masurium	43	Disputed claim to discovery of .
Md		97	Proposed name for . The symbol and name were later used for element 101.
Me	Mendelevium	68	Suggested name for .
Ms	Masrium	49	Discredited claim of discovery of .
Mt	Meitnium	91	Suggested name for .
Mv		101	Current symbol is Md.
Ng	Norwegium	72	Discredited claim to discovery of .
Ni	Niton	86	Former name for .
No	Norium	72	Discredited claim to discovery of .
Ns	Nielsbohrium	105	Proposed name for .
Ns	Nielsbohrium	107	Proposed name for .
Nt	Niton	86	Suggested name for .
Ny	Neoytterbium	70	Former name of .
Od	Odinium	62	Suggested name for .
Pe	Pelopium	41	Former name for .
Po	Potassium	19	Current symbol is K.
Rf		106	Proposed name for . The symbol and name were instead used for element 104.
Sa		62	Current symbol is Sm.
So	සෝඩියම්	11	Current symbol is Na.
Sp	Spectrium	70	Suggested name for .
St		51	Current symbol is Sb.
Tn		74	Current symbol is W.
Tu		69	Current symbol is Tm.
Tu	Tungsten	74	Current symbol is W.
Ty	Tyrium	60	Suggested name for .
Unb	Unnilbium	102	Temporary name given to until it was permanently named by IUPAC.
Une	Unnilennium	109	Temporary name given to until it was permanently named by IUPAC.
Unh	Unnilhexium	106	Temporary name given to until it was permanently named by IUPAC.
Uno	Unniloctium	108	Temporary name given to until it was permanently named by IUPAC.
Unp	Unnilpentium	105	Temporary name given to until it was permanently named by IUPAC.
Unq	Unnilquadium	104	Temporary name given to until it was permanently named by IUPAC.
Uns	Unnilseptium	107	Temporary name given to until it was permanently named by IUPAC.
Unt	Unniltrium	103	Temporary name given to lawrencium until it was permanently named by IUPAC.
Unu	Unnilunium	101	Temporary name given to until it was permanently named by IUPAC.
Uub	Ununbium	112	Temporary name given to until it was permanently named by IUPAC.
Uun	Ununnilium	110	Temporary name given to until it was permanently named by IUPAC.
Uuu	Unununium	111	Temporary name given to until it was permanently named by IUPAC.
Vi	Virginium	87	Discredited claim to discovery of .
Vm	Virginium	87	Discredited claim to discovery of .
Yt		39	Current symbol is Y.

Pictographic symbols

The following is a list of pictographic symbols employed to symbolize elements known since ancient times (for example to the ). Not included in this list are symbolic representations of substances previously called elements (such as certain mineral blends and the and of ancient philosophy) which are known today to be multi-atomic. Also not included are symbolic representations currently used for elements in other languages such as the . Modern alphabetic notation was introduced in 1814 by .

Chemical symbol	Modern name	Atomic number	Origin of symbol
	Hydrogen	1	symbol circa 1808.
		16	symbol.
		16	symbol.
		16	symbol circa 1808.
⊛		21	symbol.
♂	Iron	26	symbol.
	තඹ	29	Pre-16th century symbol.
♀	තඹ	29	symbol.
	තඹ	29	symbol.
©	තඹ	29	symbol circa 1808.
		33	symbol.
☽		47	symbol.
		50	symbol.
♁		51	symbol.
☉☾		78	symbol.
		78	symbol.
☼	Gold	79	symbol from the 16th century
	Gold	79	symbol from 1700 through 1783.
		80	Pre-16th century symbol.
		80	symbol from the 17th century.
		80	symbol from 1700 through 1783.
		82	symbol circa 1783.
		83	symbol.

Symbols for named isotopes

The following is a of elements given in the previous tables which have been designated unique symbols. By this it is meant that a comprehensive list of current systematic symbols (in the ^uAtom form) are not included in the list and can instead be found in the chart. Some of the following symbols are no longer in use within the scientific community, however others (most notably some of the named ) continue to be used today. Many of these symbols were designated during the early years of , and several isotopes (namely those in the decay family, the decay family, and the thorium decay family) bear placeholder names using the early naming system devised by Ernest Rutherford. Although it is not an isotope, this is perhaps the most useful place to mention that H is the proposed symbol for the only created anti-element, .

Chemical Symbol	Name	Atomic Number	Origin of Symbol
Ac		89	From the Greek . Name restricted at one time to ²²⁷Ac, an isotope of . This named isotope later became the official name for .
AcA	Actinium A	84	From and . Placeholder name given at one time to ²¹⁵Po, an isotope of identified in the decay chain of .
AcB	Actinium B	82	From and B. Placeholder name given at one time to ²¹¹Pb, an isotope of identified in the decay chain of .
AcC	Actinium C	83	From and C. Placeholder name given at one time to ²¹¹Bi, an isotope of identified in the decay chain of .
AcC'	Actinium C'	84	From and C. Placeholder name given at one time to ²¹¹Po, an isotope of identified in the decay chain of .
AcC"	Actinium C"	81	From and C. Placeholder name given at one time to ²⁰⁷Tl, an isotope of identified in the decay chain of .
AcK	Actinium K	87	Name given at one time to ²²³Fr, an isotope of identified in the decay chain of .
AcU	Actino-Uranium	92	Name given at one time to ²³⁵U, an isotope of uranium.
AcX	Actinium X	88	Name given at one time to ²²³Ra, an isotope of identified in the decay chain of .
An		86	From and . Name given at one time to ²¹⁹Rn, an isotope of identified in the decay chain of .
D	Deuterium	1	From the Greek . Name given to ²H.
Io		90	Name given at one time to ²³⁰Th, an isotope of thorium identified in the decay chain of uranium.
MsTh₁	Mesothorium 1	88	Name given at one time to ²²⁸Ra, an isotope of .
MsTh₂	Mesothorium 2	89	Name given at one time to ²²⁸Ac, an isotope of .
Pa		91	From the Greek protos and . Name restricted at one time to ²³¹Pa, an isotope of . This named isotope later became the official name for .
Ra		88	From the Latin . Name restricted at one time to ²²⁶Ra, an isotope of . This named isotope later became the official name for .
RaA		84	From and . Placeholder name given at one time to ²¹⁸Po, an isotope of identified in the decay chain of .
RaB	Radium B	82	From and B. Placeholder name given at one time to ²¹⁴Pb, an isotope of identified in the decay chain of .
RaC	Radium C	83	From and C. Placeholder name given at one time to ²¹⁴Bi, an isotope of identified in the decay chain of .
RaC'	Radium C'	84	From and C. Placeholder name given at one time to ²¹⁴Po, an isotope of identified in the decay chain of .
RaC"	Radium C"	81	From and C. Placeholder name given at one time to ²¹⁰Tl, an isotope of identified in the decay chain of .
RaD	Radium D	82	From and . Placeholder name given at one time to ²¹⁰Pb, an isotope of identified in the decay chain of .
RaE	Radium E	83	From and . Placeholder name given at one time to ²¹⁰Bi, an isotope of identified in the decay chain of .
RaE"	Radium E"	81	From and . Placeholder name given at one time to ²⁰⁶Tl, an isotope of identified in the decay chain of .
RaF		84	From and F. Placeholder name given at one time to ²¹⁰Po, an isotope of identified in the decay chain of .
RdAc	Radioactinium	90	Name given at one time to ²²⁷Th, an isotope of thorium.
RdTh	Radiothorium	90	Name given at one time to ²²⁸Th, an isotope of thorium.
Rn		86	From and . Name restricted at one time to ²²²Rn, an isotope of identified in the decay chain of . This named isotope later became the official name for in 1923.
T	Tritium	1	From the Greek . Name given to ³H.
Th	Thorium	90	After . Name restricted at one time to ²³²Th, an isotope of thorium. This named isotope later became the official name for element 90.
ThA	Thorium A	84	From thorium and . Placeholder name given at one time to ²¹⁶Po, an isotope of identified in the decay chain of thorium.
ThB	Thorium B	82	From thorium and B. Placeholder name given at one time to ²¹²Pb, an isotope of identified in the decay chain of thorium.
ThC	Thorium C	83	From thorium and C. Placeholder name given at one time to ²¹²Bi, an isotope of identified in the decay chain of thorium.
ThC'	Thorium C'	84	From thorium and C. Placeholder name given at one time to ²¹²Po, an isotope of identified in the decay chain of thorium.
ThC"	Thorium C"	81	From thorium and C. Placeholder name given at one time to ²⁰⁸Tl, an isotope of identified in the decay chain of thorium.
ThX	Thorium X	88	Name given at one time to ²²⁴Ra, an isotope of identified in the decay chain of thorium.
Tn		86	From thorium and . Name given at one time to ²²⁰Rn, an isotope of identified in the decay chain of thorium.
UI		92	Name given at one time to ²³⁸U, an isotope of uranium.
UII		92	Name given at one time to ²³⁴U, an isotope of uranium.
UX₁	Uranium X₁	90	Name given at one time to ²³⁴Th, an isotope of thorium identified in the decay chain of uranium.
UX₂	Uranium X₂	91	Name given at one time to ²³⁴Pa, an isotope of identified in the decay chain of uranium.
UY	Uranium Y	90	Name given at one time to ²³¹Th, an isotope of thorium identified in the decay chain of uranium.
UZ	Uranium Z	91	Name given at one time to ²³⁴Pa, an isotope of identified in the decay chain of uranium.

Other symbols that look like element symbols

General:

E: any element
M: metal - any metal atom
Mu:
Ps:
X: - any halogen atom

From organic chemistry:

Ac: - (also used for the element : see above)
Ar: - (also used for the element : see above)
Bn:
Bu:
Bz: or - (also used for , an old suggested name for ).
Cp:
Cy:
Et:
Me:
Ms: (methylsulfonyl)
Ph:
Pr: - (also used for the element : see above)
R: - some unspecified element or
Tf: (trifluoromethanesulfonyl)
Tr: (triphenylmethyl)
Ts:

From inorganic chemistry:

Ab:
Di: - Rare earth metal that proved to be a mixture of the elements and .
Dp: - Rare earth metal that proved to be a mixture of the elements , and .
Pp: - rare earth metal that proved to be a mixture of the elements and .

Notes

The element does not have any stable nuclides, and a value in brackets, e.g. [209], indicates the mass number of the longest-lived isotope of the element. However, three elements, thorium, protactinium, and uranium, have a characteristic terrestrial isotopic composition, and thus their atomic mass given.
The isotopic composition of this element varies in some geological specimens, and the variation may exceed the uncertainty stated in the table.
The isotopic composition varies in terrestrial material such that a more precise atomic weight can not be given.
The isotopic composition of the element can vary in commercial materials, which can cause the atomic weight to deviate significantly from the given value.
The atomic weight of commercial Lithium can vary between 6.939 and 6.996—analysis of the specific material is necessary to find a more accurate value.
Name changed due to a standardization of, modernization of, or update to older formerly-used symbol.
Name designated by discredited/disputed claimant.
Name proposed prior to discovery/creation of element or prior to official re-naming of a placeholder name.
Temporary placeholder name.

References

Element name etymologies. Retrieved July 15, 2005.
Atomic Weights of the Elements 2001, Pure Appl. Chem. 75(8), 1107-1122, 2003. Retrieved June 30, 2005. Atomic weights of elements with atomic numbers from 1-109 taken from this source.
IUPAC Standard Atomic Weights Revised 2008-03-05 at the Wayback Machine (2005).
WebElements Periodic Table. Retrieved June 30, 2005. Atomic weights of elements with atomic numbers 110-116 taken from this source.
Lapp, Ralph E. Matter. Life Science Library. New York: Time Incorporated. 1963.
Leighton, Robert B. Principles of Modern Physics. New York: McGraw-Hill. 1959.

External links

Berzelius’ List of Elements
History of IUPAC Atomic Weight Values (1883 to 1997)

[fn_1-1] The element does not have any stable nuclides, and a value in brackets, e.g. [209], indicates the mass number of the longest-lived isotope of the element. However, three elements, thorium, protactinium, and uranium, have a characteristic terrestrial isotopic composition, and thus their atomic mass given.

[fn_2-2] The isotopic composition of this element varies in some geological specimens, and the variation may exceed the uncertainty stated in the table.

[fn_4-3] The isotopic composition varies in terrestrial material such that a more precise atomic weight can not be given.

[fn_3-4] The isotopic composition of the element can vary in commercial materials, which can cause the atomic weight to deviate significantly from the given value.

[5] The atomic weight of commercial Lithium can vary between 6.939 and 6.996—analysis of the specific material is necessary to find a more accurate value.

[why_not_used6-6] Name changed due to a standardization of, modernization of, or update to older formerly-used symbol.

[why_not_used7-7] Name designated by discredited/disputed claimant.

[why_not_used8-8] Name proposed prior to discovery/creation of element or prior to official re-naming of a placeholder name.

[why_not_used9-9] Temporary placeholder name.