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මෙම ලිපිය සඳහා තවත් අමතර කළ යුතුව ඇත. (2013 ජූලි) |
The Kalachuris of Kalyani were a 12th-century Indian dynasty, who ruled over parts of present-day northern and Maharashtra. This dynasty rose to power in the region between 1156 and 1181 CE (25 years).
Kalachuri dynasty of Kalyani | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1164CE–1181 CE | |||||||||||
| අගනුවර | Kalyani () | ||||||||||
| පොදු භාෂා(ව) | |||||||||||
| ආගම | Hinduism Buddhism Jainism | ||||||||||
| රජය | |||||||||||
| ඉතිහාසය | |||||||||||
• Established | 1164CE | ||||||||||
• අහෝසි කළේ | 1181 CE | ||||||||||
| |||||||||||
The rulers of the dynasty traced their origins to one Krishna, who is said to have conquered and in present-day (see ). Bijjala, a viceroy of the dynasty, is said to have established the authority over after wresting power from the king Taila III. Bijjala was succeeded by his sons Someshvara and Sangama but after 1181 CE, the Chalukyas gradually retrieved the territory. Their rule was short and turbulent and yet very important from a socio-religious point of view; a new sect known as the or sect was founded during these times in a time extent of 25 years.
A unique and purely native form of literature-poetry called the Vachanas was also born during this time. The writers of were called Vachanakaras (poets). Many other important works like Virupaksha Pandita's Chennabasavapurana, Dharani Pandita's Bijjalarayacharite and Chandrasagara Varni's Bijjalarayapurana were also written.
Origin
The Kalachuris of Kalyani overthrew the in the early part of the 12th century, and had a relatively short but stormy rule. The name "Kalachuri" is shared by multiple earlier dynasties, two of which ruled in central India. Some historians such as Dr. P.B. Desai believe that the southern Kalachuris of Kalyani are descendants of these central Indian dynasties. In the 6th century, before the rise of the , the had carved out an extensive empire covering areas of Gujarat, , and parts of Maharashtra. However, after their crippling defeat at the hands of Chalukya , they remained in obscurity for a prolonged period of time. Subsequently, the and their branches rose to power in central India.
An 1174 CE record says the Kalyani Kalachuri dynasty was founded by one Soma who grew beard and moustache to save himself from the wrath of Parashurama, and thereafter the family came to be known as "Kalachuris", Kalli meaning a long moustache and churi meaning a sharp knife. They migrated to the south and made Magaliveda or Mangalavedhe (Mangalavada) their capital. They titled themselves Kalanjara-puravaradhisvara ("Lord of "), which indicates their central Indian origin. Their emblem was Suvarna Vrishabha or the golden bull. They must have started as modest feudatories of the . They were also referred to as Katachuris (shape of a sharp knife) and (or Heheya).
The later records of the dynasty claim that they descended from , the Creator of the universe.
As feudatories of Chalukyas
The early Kalachuris of the south were Jains and encouraged Jainism in their kingdom. The first notable chief of the Kalachuri family of was Uchita. While there were several kings who followed him ruling as feudatories of the , it was Jogama who became an influential vassal of , being related to the great king by matrimony.
Decline Of Kalachuris
The Southern Kaluchuri kingdom went into decline after the assassination of Bijjalla. The rulers who followed were weak and incompetent, with the exception of Sovideva, who managed to maintain control over the kingdom. Western Chalukyas ended the Kalachuri Dynasty. Many Kalachuri families migrated to Kanara districts of Karnataka. The Kalachuris are the principal characters in the Andhra epic The battle of .
Rulers
- Uchita
- Asaga
- Kannam
- Kiriyasaga
- Bijjala I
- Kannama
- Jogama
- Permadi
- (1130–1167): proclaimed independence in 1162.
- Sovideva (1168–1176)
- Mallugi --> overthrown by brother Sankama
- Sankama (1176–1180)
- Ahavamalla (1180–1183)
- Singhana (1183–1184)
Inscriptions and coinage
As per the 1163 CE inscription which records a religious offering (mahadana) in the presence of Lord Virupaksha by Bijjala the Kalachuri King.
The Southern Kalachuri kings minted coins with on them.
Notes
- Students' Britannica India By Dale Hoiberg, Indu Ramchandani.
- "Chalukyas of Kalyana (973- 1198 CE)". සම්ප්‍රවේශය 31 මාර්තු 2009.
- "The cosmic site of Vijayanagara". ABHA NARAIN LAMBAH. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 1 අප්‍රේල් 2009.
References
- Dr. Suryanath U. Kamath (2001). A Concise History of Karnataka from pre-historic times to the present, Jupiter books, MCC, Bangalore (Reprinted 2002)
External links
- 12th Century Lingayat Religion
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ම ම ල ප ය සත ය පනය සඳහ තවත අමතර ම ල ශ ර ද ක ව ම කළ ය ත ව ඇත ව ශ වසන ය ම ල ශ ර ව ත වන උපහරණ එක ක ර ම න ම ම ල ප ය ව ඩ ද ය ණ ක ර මට උපක ර ක ර මට ක ර ණ ක වන න ම ල ශ ර රහ ත කර ණ අභ ය ගයට ලක ව මට හ ඉවත ක ර මට ඉඩ ඇත ම ල ශ ර ස ව ම කල ය ණ ය කලච ර ය news ප වත පත ප ත scholar JSTOR 2013 ජ ල ම ම පණ ව ඩය ඉවත ක ර ම ප ළ බඳ ත රත ර The Kalachuris of Kalyani were a 12th century Indian dynasty who ruled over parts of present day northern and Maharashtra This dynasty rose to power in the region between 1156 and 1181 CE 25 years Kalachuri dynasty of Kalyani1164CE 1181 CEඅගන වරKalyani ප ද භ ෂ ව ආගමHinduism Buddhism Jainismරජයඉත හ සය Established1164CE අහ ස කළ 1181 CEPreceded by Succeeded byHero stone with 1160 CE inscription from the rule of Kalachuri King Bijjala in the Kedareshvara temple at Balligavi Shimoga district Karnataka stateOld Kannada inscription of Rayamuri Sovideva dated 1172 CE at the Jain temple in Lakkundi Gadag district Karnataka stateSangamanatha temple at The rulers of the dynasty traced their origins to one Krishna who is said to have conquered and in present day see Bijjala a viceroy of the dynasty is said to have established the authority over after wresting power from the king Taila III Bijjala was succeeded by his sons Someshvara and Sangama but after 1181 CE the Chalukyas gradually retrieved the territory Their rule was short and turbulent and yet very important from a socio religious point of view a new sect known as the or sect was founded during these times in a time extent of 25 years A unique and purely native form of literature poetry called the Vachanas was also born during this time The writers of were called Vachanakaras poets Many other important works like Virupaksha Pandita s Chennabasavapurana Dharani Pandita s Bijjalarayacharite and Chandrasagara Varni s Bijjalarayapurana were also written OriginThe Kalachuris of Kalyani overthrew the in the early part of the 12th century and had a relatively short but stormy rule The name Kalachuri is shared by multiple earlier dynasties two of which ruled in central India Some historians such as Dr P B Desai believe that the southern Kalachuris of Kalyani are descendants of these central Indian dynasties In the 6th century before the rise of the the had carved out an extensive empire covering areas of Gujarat and parts of Maharashtra However after their crippling defeat at the hands of Chalukya they remained in obscurity for a prolonged period of time Subsequently the and their branches rose to power in central India An 1174 CE record says the Kalyani Kalachuri dynasty was founded by one Soma who grew beard and moustache to save himself from the wrath of Parashurama and thereafter the family came to be known as Kalachuris Kalli meaning a long moustache and churi meaning a sharp knife They migrated to the south and made Magaliveda or Mangalavedhe Mangalavada their capital They titled themselves Kalanjara puravaradhisvara Lord of which indicates their central Indian origin Their emblem was Suvarna Vrishabha or the golden bull They must have started as modest feudatories of the They were also referred to as Katachuris shape of a sharp knife and or Heheya The later records of the dynasty claim that they descended from the Creator of the universe As feudatories of ChalukyasThe early Kalachuris of the south were Jains and encouraged Jainism in their kingdom The first notable chief of the Kalachuri family of was Uchita While there were several kings who followed him ruling as feudatories of the it was Jogama who became an influential vassal of being related to the great king by matrimony Decline Of KalachurisThe Southern Kaluchuri kingdom went into decline after the assassination of Bijjalla The rulers who followed were weak and incompetent with the exception of Sovideva who managed to maintain control over the kingdom Western Chalukyas ended the Kalachuri Dynasty Many Kalachuri families migrated to Kanara districts of Karnataka The Kalachuris are the principal characters in the Andhra epic The battle of RulersUchita Asaga Kannam Kiriyasaga Bijjala I Kannama Jogama Permadi 1130 1167 proclaimed independence in 1162 Sovideva 1168 1176 Mallugi gt overthrown by brother Sankama Sankama 1176 1180 Ahavamalla 1180 1183 Singhana 1183 1184 Inscriptions and coinageAs per the 1163 CE inscription which records a religious offering mahadana in the presence of Lord Virupaksha by Bijjala the Kalachuri King The Southern Kalachuri kings minted coins with on them NotesStudents Britannica India By Dale Hoiberg Indu Ramchandani Chalukyas of Kalyana 973 1198 CE සම ප රව ශය 31 ම ර ත 2009 The cosmic site of Vijayanagara ABHA NARAIN LAMBAH සම ප රව ශය 1 අප ර ල 2009 ReferencesDr Suryanath U Kamath 2001 A Concise History of Karnataka from pre historic times to the present Jupiter books MCC Bangalore Reprinted 2002 External linksකල ය ණ ය කලච ර ය හ සබ ඳ ම ධ ය ව ක ම ධ ය ක මන ස හ ඇත 12th Century Lingayat Religion