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ශ්‍රුති ( සංස්කෘත "ඇසූ දෙය", "ශබ්ද " ; śruti ලෙසද ලියා ඇත) යනු ඉන්දියානු සම්භාව්‍ය සංගීතයේ සුසර කිරීමේ පද්ධතියේ කුඩාම යි.
කරුණාකර මෙම ලිපිය සිංහල භාෂාවට පරිවර්තනය කිරීමෙන් දායකවන්න.
Shruti types
Canonically there are shrutis in an octave although systems with more or fewer śruti have been proposed.[] Here they are given in terms of , although many authors assume implicitly.
There are infinite ratios, and therefore kinds of shrutis, in Indian music as there is full freedom; yet the classical values described are
- Chatuh shruti : 9/8
- Tri shruti : 10/9
- Dwi shruti : 16/15
- Single or Mono shruti (pramana shruti): 81/80.
Furthermore, there are Antar-shruti which give distances between two (notes):
- 2:1 is taken as distance from S to S' (or r to r', R to R', g to g', etc.), and was placed on "4th śruti"
- 3:2 is taken as distance from S to P (i.e. fro 1st to 5th tone), and was placed on "17th śruti"
- 4:3 is taken as distance from S to m, and was placed on "13th śruti"
- 5:4 is taken as distance from S to G, and was placed on "9th śruti"
- 6:5 is taken as distance from S to g, and was called teevra in old ages as moving Ga towards Re makes Re shuddha.
Shrutis in Hindustani Music
The table lists the 22 shrutis canonically defined in , defined as intervals from the Shadja. Shadja is assumed to be equivalent to the A♯. Their width is given as or in . A comparison with intervals in Western music (5-limit tuning) is also provided.
| Shruti | Equivalent interval in | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Name | (Hz) | Name | in (Hz) | |||
| Kshobhini | 1 | 0 | Unison | ෂඩ්ජය | 466.1638 | A♯ | 466.1638 |
| Tivra | 256/243 | 90 | කෝමල රිෂභය | 491.1026 | B | 493.8833 | |
| Kumdavati | 16/15 | 112 | Minor second | 497.2414 | |||
| Manda | 10/9 | 182 | Major second | 517.9598 | C | 523.2512 | |
| Chandovati | 9/8 | 204 | ශුද්ධ රිෂභය | 524.4343 | |||
| Dayavanti | 32/27 | 294 | Minor third | කෝමල ගාන්ධාරය | 552.4904 | C♯ | 554.3653 |
| Ranjani | 6/5 | 316 | 559.3966 | ||||
| Raktika | 5/4 | 386 | Major third | ශුද්ධ ගාන්ධාරය | 582.7048 | D | 587.3296 |
| Rudri | 81/64 | 408 | 589.9886 | ||||
| Krodhi | 4/3 | 498 | Perfect fourth | ශුද්ධ මධ්‍යමය | 621.5517 | D♯ | 622.2540 |
| Vajrika | 27/20 | 520 | 629.3211 | ||||
| Prasarini | 45/32 | 590 | Augmented fourth | තීව්ර මධ්‍යමය | 655.5428 | E | 659.2552 |
| Priti | 729/512 | 612 | 663.7371 | ||||
| Marjani | 3/2 | 702 | Perfect fifth | පංචමය | 699.2457 | F | 698.4565 |
| Kshiti | 128/81 | 792 | කෝමල ධෛවතය | 736.6539 | F♯ | 739.9889 | |
| Rakta | 8/5 | 814 | Minor sixth | 745.8621 | |||
| Sandipini | 5/3 | 884 | Major sixth | 776.9397 | G | 783.9909 | |
| Alapini | 27/16 | 906 | ශුද්ධ ධෛවතය | 786.6514 | |||
| Madni | 16/9 | 996 | Minor seventh | කෝමල නිෂාදය | 828.7356 | G♯ | 830.6095 |
| Rohini | 9/5 | 1018 | 839.0948 | ||||
| Ramya | 15/8 | 1088 | Major seventh | 874.0571 | A | 880.0001 | |
| Ugra | 243/128 | 1110 | ශුද්ධ නිෂාදය | 884.9828 | |||
| Kshobhini | 2 | 1200 | Octave | ෂඩ්ජය | 932.3276 | A♯ | 932.3276 |
This table does not reflect contemporary Indian point of view on Srutis in Hindustani music.
Further reading
- Lentz, Donald A. Tones and Intervals of Hindu Classical Music. , 1961.
- Deva, B Chaitanya The Music of India: A Scientific Study.
- Rao, Suvarnalata Acoustical Perspective on Raga Rasa Theory.
References
- Datta, A. K., Sengupta, R., Dey, N. and Nag, D. Experimental Analysis of Shrutis from Performances in Hindustani Music. Kolkata: Scientific Research Department ITC Sangeet Research Academy, 2006.
External links
- http://www.22shrutiharmonium.com 2019-07-15 at the Wayback Machine A 22-shruti harmonium by Dr. Vidyadhar Oke
- www.soundofindia.com Article on shrutis by Jeyanthe Ratnakumar
- Sound samples of Indian shrutis and their names
- A software implementation of 22 Srutis with 12 Indian Classical Instruments
විකිපීඩියාව, විකි, සිංහල, පොත, පොත්, පුස්තකාලය, ලිපිය, කියවන්න, බාගන්න, නොමිලේ, නොමිලේ බාගන්න, mp3, වීඩියෝ, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, පින්තූරය, සංගීතය, ගීතය, චිත්‍රපටය, පොත, ක්‍රීඩාව, ක්‍රීඩා., ජංගම දුරකථන, android, ios, apple, ජංගම දුරකථන, samsung, iphone, xiomi, xiaomi, redmi, honor, oppo, nokia, sonya, mi, පීසී, වෙබ්, පරිගණකය
ශ ර ත ස ස ක ත ඇස ද ය ශබ ද sruti ල සද ල ය ඇත යන ඉන ද ය න සම භ ව ය ස ග තය ස සර ක ර ම පද ධත ය ක ඩ ම ය ම ම ල ප ය පර වර තනය කළ ය ත ය කර ණ කර ම ම ල ප ය ස හල භ ෂ වට පර වර තනය ක ර ම න ද යකවන න Shruti typesCanonically there are shrutis in an octave although systems with more or fewer sruti have been proposed තහව ර කර න ම ත Here they are given in terms of although many authors assume implicitly There are infinite ratios and therefore kinds of shrutis in Indian music as there is full freedom yet the classical values described are Chatuh shruti 9 8 Tri shruti 10 9 Dwi shruti 16 15 Single or Mono shruti pramana shruti 81 80 Furthermore there are Antar shruti which give distances between two notes 2 1 is taken as distance from S to S or r to r R to R g to g etc and was placed on 4th sruti 3 2 is taken as distance from S to P i e fro 1st to 5th tone and was placed on 17th sruti 4 3 is taken as distance from S to m and was placed on 13th sruti 5 4 is taken as distance from S to G and was placed on 9th sruti 6 5 is taken as distance from S to g and was called teevra in old ages as moving Ga towards Re makes Re shuddha Shrutis in Hindustani MusicThe table lists the 22 shrutis canonically defined in defined as intervals from the Shadja Shadja is assumed to be equivalent to the A Their width is given as or in A comparison with intervals in Western music 5 limit tuning is also provided Shruti Equivalent interval inName Name Hz Name in Hz Kshobhini 1 0 Unison ෂඩ ජය 466 1638 A 466 1638Tivra 256 243 90 ක මල ර ෂභය 491 1026 B 493 8833Kumdavati 16 15 112 Minor second 497 2414Manda 10 9 182 Major second 517 9598 C 523 2512Chandovati 9 8 204 ශ ද ධ ර ෂභය 524 4343Dayavanti 32 27 294 Minor third ක මල ග න ධ රය 552 4904 C 554 3653Ranjani 6 5 316 559 3966Raktika 5 4 386 Major third ශ ද ධ ග න ධ රය 582 7048 D 587 3296Rudri 81 64 408 589 9886Krodhi 4 3 498 Perfect fourth ශ ද ධ මධ යමය 621 5517 D 622 2540Vajrika 27 20 520 629 3211Prasarini 45 32 590 Augmented fourth ත ව ර මධ යමය 655 5428 E 659 2552Priti 729 512 612 663 7371Marjani 3 2 702 Perfect fifth ප චමය 699 2457 F 698 4565Kshiti 128 81 792 ක මල ධ වතය 736 6539 F 739 9889Rakta 8 5 814 Minor sixth 745 8621Sandipini 5 3 884 Major sixth 776 9397 G 783 9909Alapini 27 16 906 ශ ද ධ ධ වතය 786 6514Madni 16 9 996 Minor seventh ක මල න ෂ දය 828 7356 G 830 6095Rohini 9 5 1018 839 0948Ramya 15 8 1088 Major seventh 874 0571 A 880 0001Ugra 243 128 1110 ශ ද ධ න ෂ දය 884 9828Kshobhini 2 1200 Octave ෂඩ ජය 932 3276 A 932 3276 This table does not reflect contemporary Indian point of view on Srutis in Hindustani music Further readingLentz Donald A Tones and Intervals of Hindu Classical Music 1961 Deva B Chaitanya The Music of India A Scientific Study Rao Suvarnalata Acoustical Perspective on Raga Rasa Theory ReferencesDatta A K Sengupta R Dey N and Nag D Experimental Analysis of Shrutis from Performances in Hindustani Music Kolkata Scientific Research Department ITC Sangeet Research Academy 2006 External linkshttp www 22shrutiharmonium com 2019 07 15 at the Wayback Machine A 22 shruti harmonium by Dr Vidyadhar Oke www soundofindia com Article on shrutis by Jeyanthe Ratnakumar Sound samples of Indian shrutis and their names A software implementation of 22 Srutis with 12 Indian Classical Instruments