දිව්‍ය සත්ප්‍රසාද කරඬුව

දිව්‍ය සත්ප්‍රසාද කරඬුව, සත්ප්‍රසාද කරඬුව (හෝ ostensory) යනු රෝමානු කතෝලික, පැරණි කතෝලික, ලූතරන් සහ ඇංග්ලිකන් පල්ලිවල භාවිතා කරන කරඬුවකි. එය දිව්‍ය පූජාවේදී හෝ සත්ප්‍රසාද වන්දනාවේදි 'දිව්‍ය සත්ප්‍රසාද වහන්සේ' හෝ වෙනත් යම් භක්තිවන්ත වස්තුවක පූජාසනයක් මත ප්‍රදර්ශනය කිරීමට යොදාගනී.

සාම්ප්‍රදායික දිව්‍ය සත්ප්‍රසාද කරඬුවක්

මෙවැනි කරඬු විවිධ සාන්තුවරුන්ගේ ධාතූන්ද ප්‍රදර්ශනය කිරීමට යොදා ගැනේ. මෙහී ඉංග්‍රීසි නාමය monstrance වන අතර එය ලතින් භාශාවේ monstrare යන වචනයෙන් එන්නකි.

Liturgical context

In the Catholic tradition, at the moment of the elements (called "gifts" for liturgical purposes) are transformed (literally ) into the body and blood of Christ. Catholic doctrine holds that the elements are not only spiritually transformed, but are (substantially) transformed into the body and blood of Christ. Although the elements retain the appearance, or of bread and wine, they become the body and blood of Christ. The presence of Jesus Christ God in the Eucharist is known as the doctrine of the within the . The Corporeal Presence is believed to be real (in ලතින්: realiter) and of the whole (totaliter) Christ, in , and . The name "Corporeal Presence" concerns the reserved to the , and the during the .

Other Christians (notably in the , Old Catholic Church, and ) accept the doctrine of the , whilst rejecting transubstantiation as a philosophical concept (cf. ). Owing to these beliefs, the consecrated elements are given the same adoration and devotion that Christians of these traditions accord to Christ himself.

Within churches of these traditions the reserved sacrament serves as a focal point of religious devotion. In many of them, during Eucharistic adoration, the celebrant displays the sacrament in the monstrance, typically on the . When not being displayed, the reserved sacrament is locked in a (more common in Roman Catholicism) or (more common in the other traditions mentioned).

Use and design

The Blessed Sacrament in a monstrance carried in a procession by a priest wearing a

Two monstrances, showing the contrast between the modern simplified design on the right with its more ornate predecessor on the left

In the service of , (the priest blesses the people with the Eucharist displayed in the monstrance). This blessing differs from the priest's blessing, as it is seen to be the blessing by Christ rather than that of the individual priest. The exposition of the monstrance during Benediction is traditionally accompanied by chanting or singing of the hymn .

Monstrances are usually elaborate in design; most are carried by the priest. Others may be much larger fixed constructions, typically for displaying the host in a special side chapel, often called the "Chapel of the Blessed Sacrament". For portable designs, the preferred form is a on a stand, usually topped by a cross.

Before the , the most common design was the tower. The sun design would come to dominate the shape of modern monstrances after it became clear that the ostensorium could be better adapted to the object of drawing all eyes to the Sacred Host itself by making the transparent portion of the vessel just of the size required, and surrounded, like the sun, with rays. Monstrances of this shape, dating from the fifteenth century, are also not uncommon, and for several hundred years past this has been by far the commonest form in practical use.

Medieval monstrances were more varied in form than contemporary ones. Those used for relics, and occasionally for the host, typically had a crystal cylinder in a golden stand, and those usually used for hosts had a crystal window in a flat-faced golden construction, which could stand on its base. The monstrance was most often made of or other precious metal, and highly decorated. In the center of the sunburst, the monstrance normally has a small round glass the size of a host, through which the can be seen. Behind this glass is a holder made of gilded metal, called a or lunula, which holds the host securely in place. When not in the monstrance, the host in its lunula is placed in a special standing container, called a standing , in the Tabernacle. Before the current design, earlier "little shrines" or reliquaries of various shapes and sizes were used.

Noted monstrances

• The monstrance of Corpus Christi at the Cathedral of Valencia (Spain) - Every year, during the Corpus Christi procession in Valencia, the largest Monstrance in the world, made of 600 කිලෝග්‍රෑම් (1,300 lb) of silver, 5 කිලෝග්‍රෑම් (11 lb) of gold, 75 ග්‍රෑම් (2.6 oz) of platinum, hundreds of precious stones and thousands of pearls, runs through the streets of Valencia under a shower of flower petals.
• is a monstrance built between 1700 and 1707 that is currently owned by the of Colombia. It consists of 9 කිලෝග්‍රෑම් (20 lb) of 18 karat gold, 1,485 emeralds which gave the name to the piece due to its color, and other gems from various parts of the world.
• The , Spain, boasts one of the most famous monstrances in European medieval history. Made of pure gold (the first gold brought over from the New World by Admiral Columbus) and encrusted with several jewels, it has merited several papal processions, acclamations and uses. Most recently among these is in his Apostolic Visit in 2011. It has also been immortalized in several 18th-century and 19th-century devotional handbooks. This portable monstrance (or ostensory) is housed within a second, fixed monstrance made of partially gilded silver.
• The Vatican monstrance (ලතින්: Ostensorio Vaticana) of is one of the most exquisite monstrances used by recent popes, as it is an exact miniature of the inside St. Peter's Basilica. It is complete in ornamentation including the angels adorning its rooftop. It was most recently used by Pope Benedict XVI.
• and are often portrayed with monstrances. Nonnatus used a Gothic box-style monstrance while Clare is often portrayed with a solar version.
• Founderess of the , of the Annunciation, was often portrayed with a golden solar monstrance pendant.
• The , one of 's famed , is home to one of the largest monstrances in the world, a 9-අඩි-wide (2.7 m) Iconic Monstrance of . It is part of the planned of , which is being constructed adjacent to the church. The Monstrance is to be installed in the sanctuary's adoration , to be the focus of 24-hour Eucharistic Adoration. The clergy will conduct no liturgies or vocal prayers in the chapel, either by individuals or groups, as the space is meant for private meditation and contemplation.
• In the treasury at the St. Loreta Church in Prague, there is on display a monstrance featuring 6,000 diamonds.
• On top of the main dome of the in , is a large monstrance. The monstrance is adorned with four angels, each measuring almost 4 අඩි (1.2 m) in height. The following Polish phrase is inscribed below the monstrance: Adorujmy Chrystusa Króla panującego nad narodami (in English, "Let us adore reigning over all nations".)
• was presented by 17th-century fur trader to the priests at the in 1686, located at what is now modern . It was buried by the priests when the local Indians became hostile and burned the mission buildings. It was dug up by accident in 1802 and is currently in the in Green Bay, Wisconsin. It is the oldest surviving physical artifact of French settlement west of the Alleghenies.

Gallery

For displaying the sacred host

• Monstrance given to the Monastery of Alcobaça by Dom João Dornelas in 1412, with some later additions during the baroque period, , Portugal
• The large Patriarchal Monstrance was a gift from king D. João V to the Patriarchal Cathedral of Lisbon, and is made of solid gold, diamonds, rubies, sapphires and emeralds. It was commissioned in 1748, Museum, Portugal.
• ; gold and enamel monstrance made in 1506 by Gil Vicente, and offered by king Dom to the . Nowadays in the , Portugal.
• The Diamond Monstrance, made between 1696–99 in the Viennese workshops of J. B. Khünischbauer and M. Stegner. The 6,222 diamonds decorating this treasure were from the bequest of Countess Ludmila Eva Frances Kolowrat ().
• Ca. 1400. Gift of to the Church in , .
• Late 18th to early 19th century 1,30 metres monstrance, , Portugal
• Monument with a Monstrance in , Poland in front of the Church of St. Laurence
• ; 18th-century silver gilt diamonds, emeralds, rubies, etc. , Portugal.
• Monstrance of Ca. 1517 . Spain.
• 18th century Portuguese silver gilt and gems, , Portugal
• Fixed monstrance in the church in , the
• Polish monstrances
• Monstrance from the museum of the ,
• Monstrance from the museum in , Poland
• a 16th-century design for a Monstrance by Daniel Hopfer
• Monstrance as part of the Easter "Tomb of the Lord" scene in , , Poland
• Monstrance as part of a Easter "Tomb of the Lord" scene in a in Warsaw, Poland

As reliquaries

• monstrance. Cathedral Treasury,
• Monstrance with a relic of Saint at the in , Philippines
• A relic of Saint at the in , Philippines
• Saint relic at the St. Isidore Church in , Philippines
• monstrance, True Cross,

References

1. "Altar vessels". New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia. Retrieved on 2014-11-16.
2. "". New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia. Retrieved on 2014-11-16.
3. "Demonstrate", The American Heritage Dictionary, men in Appendix I, Indo-European Roots
4. Instructio Clement, 5.
5. Kilroy-Ewbank, Lauren (2018). Holy organ or unholy idol? : the Sacred Heart in the art, religion, and politics of New Spain. Leiden. p. 208. ISBN .  1056201987.{{}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ()
6. "Museo Catedralicio Diocesano".
7. "La Lechuga". banrepcultural.org. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 2020-06-27.
8. catedralprimada.es. "Catedral Primada Toledo". Catedral Primada Toledo (ස්පාඤ්ඤ බසින්). සම්ප්‍රවේශය 2020-06-27.
9. Butler, J.D. (February 1880). "Nicolas Perrot's ostensorium". Watchman. Green Bay. සම්ප්‍රවේශය November 6, 2014.

External links

දිව්‍ය සත්ප්‍රසාද කරඬුව හා සබැඳි මාධ්‍ය විකිමාධ්‍ය කොමන්ස් හි ඇත.