මෙම ලිපිය වැඩිදියුණු කළයුතුව ඇත. ඔබ මෙම මාතෘකාව පිලිබඳව දැනුවත්නම්, නව කරුණු එක්කිරීමට දායකවන්න. |
අහු | |
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අහු (Morinda citrifolia) කොළ සහ ගෙඩි | |
විද්යාත්මක වර්ගීකරණය | |
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ගෝත්රය: | |
ගණය: | '' |
Morinda citrifolia |
අහු (Morinda citrifolia) ඉන්දියන් මල්බෙරි,බීච් මල්බෙරි චීස් ෆෘඩ් ආදී නම් වලින් හඳුන්වයි. මෙම ශාකය කෝපි පවුලට අයත්ය.නිජ භූමිය අග්නිදිග ආසියාවයි.ඉන්දීය උප මහද්වීපය පැසිපික් දූපත්,පොලිනීසියන් දූපත්,පෝටොරිකාව හා ඩොමිනිකන් ජනරජය වැනි රටවල මෙය ව්යාප්තව පවතී.දකුණු ආසියාතික රටවල විවිධ මිත්යා විශ්වාස ඇදහිලි අභිචාර ක්රම සදහා මෙම අහු ශාකයේ විවිධ කොටස් යොදාගනී.
පැතිරීම හා වර්ධනය
මොරින්ඩා සිටිෆෝලියා (morinda citrifolia) යන උද්හිද නාමයේන් අහු ශාකය හදුන්වයි.ලංකාව,ඉන්දියාව,මලයාව,ශාන්තිකර දූපත් හා උතුරු ඔස්ට්රේලියාව යන රටවල වැඩෙන වඩා උස නොයන අඩි 3-4 අතර උසැති ගසකි. රිකිලි සිනිඳුය ශාඛාකුඩාය.පත්රය අණ්ඩාකරය,ඝණය,පත්රයේ නාරටිය ඉතා පැහැදිලිව පෙනේ පුෂ්පය සුදු පාටය , නාළාකාරය,මලක දිග අගලක් පමණය ගෙඩිය අණ්ඩාකාර අෂ්ටිලයකි. ඒය අගලක් පමණ දිගය, මාංසලය,මෙම ශාකය ලංකාවේ නිරිත දිග ප්රදේශයේ ගෙවතු මොරින්ඩා ට්ංක්ටෝරියා නම් ත්වත් අහු විශේෂයක් යාපනය, ත්රිකුණාමලය හා අනුරාධපුර යන වියලි ප්රදේශවල වැවේ. අහු දේවර්ගයම මුලේ පොත්තෙන් රතු පාට සායම් තනා ගැනේ අහු රුබියාසේ (Rubiace) කුලයට අයත්ය.
Noni grows in shady forests as well as on open yellow shooes rocky or sandy shores. It reaches maturity in about 18 months and then yields between 4–8 කිලෝග්රෑම් (8.8–17.6 lb) of fruit every month throughout the year. It is tolerant of soils, drought conditions, and . It is therefore found in a wide variety of habitats: volcanic terrains, -strewn , and clearings or outcrops. It can grow up to 9 මීටර (30 ft) tall, and has large, simple, dark green, shiny and deeply veined leaves.
The plant and fruits all year round and produces a small white flower. The fruit is a (multiple fruit) that has a pungent odor when ripening, and is hence also known as cheese fruit or even vomit fruit. It is oval and reaches 4–7 සෙන්ටිමීටර (1.6–2.8 in) in size. At first green, the fruit turns yellow then almost white as it ripens. It contains many . It is sometimes called starvation fruit. Despite its strong smell and bitter taste, the fruit is nevertheless eaten as a and, in some , even a staple food, either raw or cooked.අග්නිදිග ආසියාවns and consume the fruit raw with salt or cook it with . The seeds are edible when roasted.
The noni is especially attractive to , which make nests out of the leaves of the tree. These ants protect the plant from some plant-parasitic insects. The smell of the fruit also attracts , which aid in dispersing the seeds.
පෝෂණය
Nutritional information for noni fruit is reported by the College of Tropical Agriculture, at who published analyses of fruit
Macronutrients
Analyzed as a whole fruit powder, noni fruit has excellent levels of carbohydrates and , providing 55% and 100% of the (DRI), respectively, in a 100 g serving. A good source of protein (12% DRI), noni pulp is low in total fats (4% DRI).
These macronutrients evidently reside in the fruit pulp, as noni juice has sparse amounts of macronutrients.
Micronutrients
The main micronutrient features of noni pulp powder include exceptional content (10x DRI) and substantial amounts of (vitamin B3), iron and potassium., කැල්සියම් and සෝඩියම් are present in moderate amounts.
When noni juice alone is analyzed and compared to pulp powder, only vitamin C is retained at a high level, 42% of DRI.
Nutrient analyses for a major brand of noni blend juice were published in 2002 by the Scientific Committee on Food of the European Commission on Health and Consumer Protection during a test for public safety of noni juice. The major brand's ingredients include noni and juice concentrates from and .
Excepting vitamin C content at 31% of DRI in each 100g, the juice had limited nutritional content. 100g of juice provides 8% of the DRI for carbohydrates, only traces of other macronutrients and low or trace levels of 10 essential vitamins, 7 essential and 18 .
Although the most significant nutrient feature of noni pulp powder or juice is its high vitamin C content, this level in the noni juice blend provides only about half the vitamin C of a raw . Sodium levels in the noni juice blend (about 3% of DRI) are multiples of those in an orange. Although the potassium content appears relatively high for noni, this total is only about 3% of the and so would not be considered excessive. The noni juice blend is otherwise similar in micronutrient content to a raw orange.
ශාක රසායන
The history of published medical research on noni numbers only around a total of 110 reports which began appearing in the 1950s (searched in September 2008). Just since 2000, over 100 publications on noni have been published in medical literature, defining a relatively young research field. Noni research is at a preliminary stage, as it is mainly still in the laboratory as or basic animal experiments.
Noni fruit contains phytochemicals for which there are no established DRI values. Examples:
- - a group of having biological activities shown by in vitro experiments
- oligo- and – long-chain sugar molecules that serve a function as fermentable by බැක්ටීරියා, yielding with numerous potential health properties not yet defined by scientific research on noni
- – phenolic compounds such as , common in several plants
- - secondary metabolites found in many plants
- trisaccharide fatty acid , "noniosides" - resulting from combination of an alcohol and an acid in noni fruit
- free - most prominent in noni fruit are and , responsible for unique pungent (cheese-like) aroma of ripe noni fruit
- scopoletin – may have antibiotic activities; research is preliminary
- and epicatechin
- – a plant with potential for anti- activity not yet proven in human research
- – a potentially toxic , putatively an inhibitor of HIV viral proteins
- – naturally occurring amines from plants. Some internet references mention or as important noni constituents. However, as no reports on either of these substances exist in published medical literature, the terms are scientifically unrecognized. Further, chemical analysis of commercially processed juice did not reveal presence of any alkaloids.
Although there is evidence from in vitro studies and laboratory models for of each of the above phytochemicals, the research remains at best preliminary and too early to conclude anything about human health benefits provided by noni or its juice. Furthermore, these phytochemicals are not unique to noni, as nearly all exist in various plant foods.
Laboratory experiments demonstrated that dietary noni juice increased physical endurance in mice. A in distance runners showed increased endurance capacity following daily intake of noni juice over three weeks, an effect the authors attributed to increased antioxidant status.
භාවිතයන්
සංස්කෘත වෛද්ය ග්රන්ථවල අහු හැදින්වෙන්නේ අච්ජුක යන නාමයෙනි. අහු ශාකයේ කොළ, නැටි සහ මුල් ඖෂධ වශයෙන් ගනු ලබයි. අහු විෂසමනය කරයි. වණ සුව කොට මස ලියවයි.ලේ වැගිරීම නතරකිරිමේ ශක්තියක් ඇත.උණ,අතීසාර හා වාතරෝග නසයි.ගෙඩි පැසවීම සඳහා දේශීය වෙදකමෙහි අහු නැටි ගනු ලැබේ.අමු අහු ගෙඩි බැද ලුණු සමඟ ගෑමේන් දත් මුල් සවී වන බව දේශීය වෛද්යවරු කියතී.අහූ ගෙඩි ශාන්තී කර්ම සඳහා ප්රයෝජනයට ගනු ලැබේ.
Noni's reputation for uses in extends over centuries. It is widely used in India and being explored by medical researchers for use in the treatment of cancer. No medical applications as those discussed below have been verified by modern science primarily in the United States; where as the FDA (Food & Drug Administration) which regulates the food & pharmecuetical industry in the nation implemented its own regulation that "Only a drug can cure, prevent or treat a disease." Therefore anyone else who claims a cure otherwise may be subject to false claims.
In චීනය, , Japan, and , various parts of the tree (leaves, flowers, fruits, bark, roots) serve as tonics and to contain fever, to treat eye and problems, and problems as well as , stomach pain, or difficulties.[] In Malaysia, heated noni leaves applied to the are believed to relieve coughs, , or .[]
The noni fruit is taken, in especially, for asthma, , and .[] As for external uses, unripe fruits can be pounded, then mixed with and applied to cut or broken .[] In Hawaii, ripe fruits are applied to draw out from an infected boil. The green fruit, leaves and the root/rhizome have traditionally been used to treat menstrual cramps and irregularities, among other symptoms, while the root has also been used to treat urinary difficulties.
The bark of the great morinda produces a brownish-purplish for making; on the ඉන්දුනීසියාවn island of , the trees are cultivated for this purpose. In , yellowish dye is extracted from its root in order to dye cloth. The fruit is used as a shampoo in Malaysia, where it is said to be helpful against .[]
There have been recent applications also for the use of oil from noni seeds. Noni seed oil is abundant in that may have useful properties when applied topically on skin, e.g., anti-inflammation, acne reduction, moisture retention.
In and some other countries, the tree serves as a wind-break, as support for and as shade for coffee trees.
ආහාර
ඇතැම් රටවල අහු කොළ ආහාරයට ගනී.
මේවාත් ඉලන්න
මූලාශ්ර
- Plants by Common Name - James Cook University, http://cms.jcu.edu.au/discovernature/plantscommon/JCUDEV_006036, ප්රතිෂ්ඨාපනය 2009-05-09
- Krauss, BH (1993). Plants in Hawaiian Culture. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
- Morton, JF (1992). "The Ocean-Going Noni, or Indian Mulberry (Morinda citrifolia, Rubiaceae) and Some of its "Colorful" Relatives". Economic Botony. 46 (3). New York: 241–256.
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at position 62 () - University of Hawaii nutrient analysis on noni fruit powder
- University of Hawaii nutrient analysis on noni juice
- The Noni Website - Chemical Constituents of Noni
- Nutrient composition of the blended Noni Juice
- World's Healthiest Foods, in-depth nutrient analysis of a raw orange, http://whfoods.com/genpage.php?tname=nutrientprofile&dbid=31, ප්රතිෂ්ඨාපනය 2009-05-09
- Saleem et al. (2005). An update on bioactive plant lignans. Nat Prod Rep 22:696-716.
- Deng S, Palu AK, West BJ, et al. (2007). Lipoxygenase Inhibitory Constituents of the Fruits of Noni (Morinda citrifolia) Collected in Tahiti. J Nat Prod 70(5):859-862.
- Lin CF, Ni CL, Huang YL, et al. (2007). Lignans and anthraquinones from the fruits of Morinda citrifolia. Natural Product Research 21(13):1199-1204.
- Levand O, Larson HO. Some chemical constituents of Morinda citrifolia. Planta Medica 36(2):186-187.
- Mohd Zin Z, Abdul Hamid A, Osman A, et al. (2007). Isolation and identification of antioxidative compound from fruit of mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.). International Journal of Food Properties 10(2):363-373.
- Palu AK, Seifulla RD, West BJ. Morinda citrifolia L. (noni) improves athlete endurance: Its mechanisms of action. Journal of Medicinal Plant Research 2(7):154-158.
- Ma DL, West BJ, Su CX, Gao JH, Liu TZ, Liu YW. Evaluation of the ergogenic potential of noni juice. Phytotherapy Research. 2007 Nov; 21(11):1100-1101
- McClatchey, Will (2002). "From Polynesian Healers to Health Food Stores: Changing Perspectives of Morinda citrifolia (Rubiaceae)" (PDF). Integrative Cancer Therapies. 1 (2): 110–120. doi:10.1177/1534735402001002002. PMID 14664736.
- Thompson, RH (1971). Naturally Occurring Anthraquinones. New York: Academic Press.
- West BJ, Jensen CJ, Westendorf J. A new vegetable oil from noni (Morinda citrifolia) seeds. International Journal of Food Science and Technology 43(11):1988-1992.
- "Plant oils: Topical application and anti-inflammatory effects (croton oil test)". Dermatol. Monatsschr. 179: 173. 1993.
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වැඩිදුර කියවීම්
- Noni: The Complete Guide for Consumers and Growers. Permanent Agriculture Resources. 2006. p. 112. ISBN .
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බාහිර යොමු
- "Noni culture on CultureSheet.org". 2008. http://culturesheet.org/rubiaceae:morinda:citrifolia.
- "The Noni Website". 2006. http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/noni/.
- Thomas, Chris (, 2002). "Noni No Miracle Cure". Cancerpage.com.
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() - Anthony, Mark. "Noni or NIMBY?". Foodprocessing.com.
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ම ම article අන ථ ල ප යක වන න ව නත ක ස ම ල ප යක ම ය ව ත න බ ඳ න බ ව න කර ණ කර ම ම ල ප යට ආශ ර ත ල ප වල න සබ ඳ එක කරන න ය ජන සඳහ සබ ඳ ස ව ම ම වලම භ ව ත කරන න 2013 ජ න ම ම ල ප ය ව ඩ ද ය ණ කළය ත ව ඇත ඔබ ම ම ම ත ක ව ප ල බඳව ද න වත නම නව කර ණ එක ක ර මට ද යකවන න අහ අහ Morinda citrifolia ක ළ සහ ග ඩ ව ද ය ත මක වර ග කරණය unranked unranked unranked ග ත රය ගණය Morinda citrifolia Noni Morinda citrifolia අහ Morinda citrifolia ඉන ද යන මල බ ර බ ච මල බ ර ච ස ෆ ඩ ආද නම වල න හඳ න වය ම ම ශ කය ක ප පව ලට අයත ය න ජ භ ම ය අග න ද ග ආස ය වය ඉන ද ය උප මහද ව පය ප ස ප ක ද පත ප ල න ස යන ද පත ප ට ර ක ව හ ඩ ම න කන ජනරජය ව න රටවල ම ය ව ය ප තව පවත දක ණ ආස ය ත ක රටවල ව ව ධ ම ත ය ව ශ ව ස ඇදහ ල අභ ච ර ක රම සදහ ම ම අහ ශ කය ව ව ධ ක ටස ය ද ගන ප ත ර ම හ වර ධනයඅහ මල ම ර න ඩ ස ට ෆ ල ය morinda citrifolia යන උද හ ද න මය න අහ ශ කය හද න වය ල ක ව ඉන ද ය ව මලය ව ශ න ත කර ද පත හ උත ර ඔස ට ර ල ය ව යන රටවල ව ඩ න වඩ උස න යන අඩ 3 4 අතර උස ත ගසක ර ක ල ස න ඳ ය ශ ඛ ක ඩ ය පත රය අණ ඩ කරය ඝණය පත රය න රට ය ඉත ප හ ද ල ව ප න ප ෂ පය ස ද ප ටය න ළ ක රය මලක ද ග අගලක පමණය ග ඩ ය අණ ඩ ක ර අෂ ට ලයක ඒය අගලක පමණ ද ගය ම සලය ම ම ශ කය ල ක ව න ර ත ද ග ප රද ශය ග වත ම ර න ඩ ට ක ට ර ය නම ත වත අහ ව ශ ෂයක ය පනය ත ර ක ණ මලය හ අන ර ධප ර යන ව යල ප රද ශවල ව ව අහ ද වර ගයම ම ල ප ත ත න රත ප ට ස යම තන ග න අහ ර බ ය ස Rubiace ක ලයට අයත ය Noni grows in shady forests as well as on open yellow shooes rocky or sandy shores It reaches maturity in about 18 months and then yields between 4 8 ක ල ග ර ම 8 8 17 6 lb of fruit every month throughout the year It is tolerant of soils drought conditions and It is therefore found in a wide variety of habitats volcanic terrains strewn and clearings or outcrops It can grow up to 9 ම ටර 30 ft tall and has large simple dark green shiny and deeply veined leaves The plant and fruits all year round and produces a small white flower The fruit is a multiple fruit that has a pungent odor when ripening and is hence also known as cheese fruit or even vomit fruit It is oval and reaches 4 7 ස න ට ම ටර 1 6 2 8 in in size At first green the fruit turns yellow then almost white as it ripens It contains many It is sometimes called starvation fruit Despite its strong smell and bitter taste the fruit is nevertheless eaten as a and in some even a staple food either raw or cooked අග න ද ග ආස ය වns and consume the fruit raw with salt or cook it with The seeds are edible when roasted The noni is especially attractive to which make nests out of the leaves of the tree These ants protect the plant from some plant parasitic insects The smell of the fruit also attracts which aid in dispersing the seeds ප ෂණයඅහ ඵලය Nutritional information for noni fruit is reported by the College of Tropical Agriculture at who published analyses of fruit Macronutrients Analyzed as a whole fruit powder noni fruit has excellent levels of carbohydrates and providing 55 and 100 of the DRI respectively in a 100 g serving A good source of protein 12 DRI noni pulp is low in total fats 4 DRI These macronutrients evidently reside in the fruit pulp as noni juice has sparse amounts of macronutrients Micronutrients The main micronutrient features of noni pulp powder include exceptional content 10x DRI and substantial amounts of vitamin B3 iron and potassium ක ල ස යම and ස ඩ යම are present in moderate amounts When noni juice alone is analyzed and compared to pulp powder only vitamin C is retained at a high level 42 of DRI Nutrient analyses for a major brand of noni blend juice were published in 2002 by the Scientific Committee on Food of the European Commission on Health and Consumer Protection during a test for public safety of noni juice The major brand s ingredients include noni and juice concentrates from and Excepting vitamin C content at 31 of DRI in each 100g the juice had limited nutritional content 100g of juice provides 8 of the DRI for carbohydrates only traces of other macronutrients and low or trace levels of 10 essential vitamins 7 essential and 18 Although the most significant nutrient feature of noni pulp powder or juice is its high vitamin C content this level in the noni juice blend provides only about half the vitamin C of a raw Sodium levels in the noni juice blend about 3 of DRI are multiples of those in an orange Although the potassium content appears relatively high for noni this total is only about 3 of the and so would not be considered excessive The noni juice blend is otherwise similar in micronutrient content to a raw orange ශ ක රස යන The history of published medical research on noni numbers only around a total of 110 reports which began appearing in the 1950s searched in September 2008 Just since 2000 over 100 publications on noni have been published in medical literature defining a relatively young research field Noni research is at a preliminary stage as it is mainly still in the laboratory as or basic animal experiments Noni fruit contains phytochemicals for which there are no established DRI values Examples a group of having biological activities shown by in vitro experiments oligo and long chain sugar molecules that serve a function as fermentable by බ ක ට ර ය yielding with numerous potential health properties not yet defined by scientific research on noni phenolic compounds such as common in several plants secondary metabolites found in many plants trisaccharide fatty acid noniosides resulting from combination of an alcohol and an acid in noni fruit free most prominent in noni fruit are and responsible for unique pungent cheese like aroma of ripe noni fruit scopoletin may have antibiotic activities research is preliminary and epicatechin a plant with potential for anti activity not yet proven in human research a potentially toxic putatively an inhibitor of HIV viral proteins naturally occurring amines from plants Some internet references mention or as important noni constituents However as no reports on either of these substances exist in published medical literature the terms are scientifically unrecognized Further chemical analysis of commercially processed juice did not reveal presence of any alkaloids Although there is evidence from in vitro studies and laboratory models for of each of the above phytochemicals the research remains at best preliminary and too early to conclude anything about human health benefits provided by noni or its juice Furthermore these phytochemicals are not unique to noni as nearly all exist in various plant foods Laboratory experiments demonstrated that dietary noni juice increased physical endurance in mice A in distance runners showed increased endurance capacity following daily intake of noni juice over three weeks an effect the authors attributed to increased antioxidant status භ ව තයන ස ස ක ත ව ද ය ග රන ථවල අහ හ ද න ව න න අච ජ ක යන න මය න අහ ශ කය ක ළ න ට සහ ම ල ඖෂධ වශය න ගන ලබය අහ ව ෂසමනය කරය වණ ස ව ක ට මස ල යවය ල ව ග ර ම නතරක ර ම ශක ත යක ඇත උණ අත ස ර හ ව තර ග නසය ග ඩ ප සව ම සඳහ ද ශ ය ව දකම හ අහ න ට ගන ල බ අම අහ ග ඩ බ ද ල ණ සමඟ ග ම න දත ම ල සව වන බව ද ශ ය ව ද යවර ක යත අහ ග ඩ ශ න ත කර ම සඳහ ප රය ජනයට ගන ල බ Noni s reputation for uses in extends over centuries It is widely used in India and being explored by medical researchers for use in the treatment of cancer No medical applications as those discussed below have been verified by modern science primarily in the United States where as the FDA Food amp Drug Administration which regulates the food amp pharmecuetical industry in the nation implemented its own regulation that Only a drug can cure prevent or treat a disease Therefore anyone else who claims a cure otherwise may be subject to false claims In ච නය Japan and various parts of the tree leaves flowers fruits bark roots serve as tonics and to contain fever to treat eye and problems and problems as well as stomach pain or difficulties තහව ර කර න ම ත In Malaysia heated noni leaves applied to the are believed to relieve coughs or තහව ර කර න ම ත The noni fruit is taken in especially for asthma and තහව ර කර න ම ත As for external uses unripe fruits can be pounded then mixed with and applied to cut or broken තහව ර කර න ම ත In Hawaii ripe fruits are applied to draw out from an infected boil The green fruit leaves and the root rhizome have traditionally been used to treat menstrual cramps and irregularities among other symptoms while the root has also been used to treat urinary difficulties The bark of the great morinda produces a brownish purplish for making on the ඉන ද න ස ය වn island of the trees are cultivated for this purpose In yellowish dye is extracted from its root in order to dye cloth The fruit is used as a shampoo in Malaysia where it is said to be helpful against තහව ර කර න ම ත There have been recent applications also for the use of oil from noni seeds Noni seed oil is abundant in that may have useful properties when applied topically on skin e g anti inflammation acne reduction moisture retention In and some other countries the tree serves as a wind break as support for and as shade for coffee trees ආහ රඇත ම රටවල අහ ක ළ ආහ රයට ගන ම ව ත ඉලන නම ල ශ රPlants by Common Name James Cook University http cms jcu edu au discovernature plantscommon JCUDEV 006036 ප රත ෂ ඨ පනය 2009 05 09 Krauss BH 1993 Plants in Hawaiian Culture Honolulu University of Hawaii Press Morton JF 1992 The Ocean Going Noni or Indian Mulberry Morinda citrifolia Rubiaceae and Some of its Colorful Relatives Economic Botony 46 3 New York 241 256 a href wiki E0 B7 83 E0 B7 90 E0 B6 9A E0 B7 92 E0 B6 BD E0 B7 8A E0 B6 BD Cite journal title ස ක ල ල Cite journal cite journal a line feed character in title at position 62 help University of Hawaii nutrient analysis on noni fruit powder University of Hawaii nutrient analysis on noni juice The Noni Website Chemical Constituents of Noni Nutrient composition of the blended Noni Juice World s Healthiest Foods in depth nutrient analysis of a raw orange http whfoods com genpage php tname nutrientprofile amp dbid 31 ප රත ෂ ඨ පනය 2009 05 09 Saleem et al 2005 An update on bioactive plant lignans Nat Prod Rep 22 696 716 Deng S Palu AK West BJ et al 2007 Lipoxygenase Inhibitory Constituents of the Fruits of Noni Morinda citrifolia Collected in Tahiti J Nat Prod 70 5 859 862 Lin CF Ni CL Huang YL et al 2007 Lignans and anthraquinones from the fruits of Morinda citrifolia Natural Product Research 21 13 1199 1204 Levand O Larson HO Some chemical constituents of Morinda citrifolia Planta Medica 36 2 186 187 Mohd Zin Z Abdul Hamid A Osman A et al 2007 Isolation and identification of antioxidative compound from fruit of mengkudu Morinda citrifolia L International Journal of Food Properties 10 2 363 373 Palu AK Seifulla RD West BJ Morinda citrifolia L noni improves athlete endurance Its mechanisms of action Journal of Medicinal Plant Research 2 7 154 158 Ma DL West BJ Su CX Gao JH Liu TZ Liu YW Evaluation of the ergogenic potential of noni juice Phytotherapy Research 2007 Nov 21 11 1100 1101 McClatchey Will 2002 From Polynesian Healers to Health Food Stores Changing Perspectives of Morinda citrifolia Rubiaceae PDF Integrative Cancer Therapies 1 2 110 120 doi 10 1177 1534735402001002002 PMID 14664736 Thompson RH 1971 Naturally Occurring Anthraquinones New York Academic Press West BJ Jensen CJ Westendorf J A new vegetable oil from noni Morinda citrifolia seeds International Journal of Food Science and Technology 43 11 1988 1992 Plant oils Topical application and anti inflammatory effects croton oil test Dermatol Monatsschr 179 173 1993 a href wiki E0 B7 83 E0 B7 90 E0 B6 9A E0 B7 92 E0 B6 BD E0 B7 8A E0 B6 BD Cite journal title ස ක ල ල Cite journal cite journal a Unknown parameter coauthors ignored author suggested help Letawe 1998 Digital image analysis of the effect of topically applied linoleic acid on acne microcomedones Clinical amp Experimental Dermatology 23 2 56 58 doi 10 1046 j 1365 2230 1998 00315 x PMID 9692305 9692305 a href wiki E0 B7 83 E0 B7 90 E0 B6 9A E0 B7 92 E0 B6 BD E0 B7 8A E0 B6 BD Cite journal title ස ක ල ල Cite journal cite journal a Check pmid value help Unknown parameter coauthors ignored author suggested help Unknown parameter month ignored help CS1 maint extra punctuation link Darmstadt G L 2002 Impact of topical oils on the skin barrier possible implications for neonatal health in developing countries Acta Paediatrica 91 5 546 554 doi 10 1080 080352502753711678 a href wiki E0 B7 83 E0 B7 90 E0 B6 9A E0 B7 92 E0 B6 BD E0 B7 8A E0 B6 BD Cite journal title ස ක ල ල Cite journal cite journal a access date requires url help Unknown parameter coauthors ignored author suggested help Nasi ulam recipeව ඩ ද ර ක යව ම Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica article Aal Noni The Complete Guide for Consumers and Growers Permanent Agriculture Resources 2006 p 112 ISBN 0 9702544 6 6 a href wiki E0 B7 83 E0 B7 90 E0 B6 9A E0 B7 92 E0 B6 BD E0 B7 8A E0 B6 BD Cite book class mw redirect title ස ක ල ල Cite book cite book a Unknown parameter coauthors ignored author suggested help Unknown parameter month ignored help Kamiya K 2004 Chemical constituents of Morinda citrifolia fruits inhibit copper induced low density lipoprotein oxidation Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 52 19 5843 8 doi 10 1021 jf040114k ISSN 0021 8561 a href wiki E0 B7 83 E0 B7 90 E0 B6 9A E0 B7 92 E0 B6 BD E0 B7 8A E0 B6 BD Cite journal title ස ක ල ල Cite journal cite journal a Unknown parameter coauthors ignored author suggested help Unknown parameter month ignored help බ හ ර ය ම Noni culture on CultureSheet org 2008 http culturesheet org rubiaceae morinda citrifolia The Noni Website 2006 http www ctahr hawaii edu noni Thomas Chris 2002 Noni No Miracle Cure Cancerpage com a href wiki E0 B7 83 E0 B7 90 E0 B6 9A E0 B7 92 E0 B6 BD E0 B7 8A E0 B6 BD Cite web class mw redirect title ස ක ල ල Cite web cite web a Check date values in date help Anthony Mark Noni or NIMBY Foodprocessing com