ප ර ත යන අධ ර ජ යය යන ප ර ප වත අධ ර ජ යය ක ප ර ත යන අධ ර ජ යය247 BC 224 ADThe Parthian Empire in 94 BC at its greatest e

පාර්තියන් අධිරාජ්‍යය යනු පෙර පැවති අධිරාජ්‍යය කි.

පාර්තියන් අධිරාජ්‍යය

247 BC–224 AD

The Parthian Empire in 94 BC at its greatest extent, during the reign of (රා. 124 – 91)

අගනුවර

,, , , , ,

පොදු භාෂා(ව)

(official, court, literature)
(official)
()

ආගම

Buddhism

රජය

• 247–211 BC

(first)

• 208–224 AD

(last)

ව්‍යවස්ථාදායකය

Historical era

• Established

247 BC

• අහෝසි කළේ

224 AD

වර්ග ප්‍රමාණය

1 AD

2,800,000 km² (1,100,000 sq mi)

ව්‍යවහාර මුදල

Drachma

Preceded by

Succeeded by

නම

ඉංග්‍රීසි: Parthian Empire
ඉංග්‍රීසි: Arsacid Empire
- ),

අමතර අවධානයට

සටහන්

Fattah, Hala Mundhir (2009). A Brief History of Iraq. . p. 46. ISBN . One characteristic of the that the kings themselves maintained was their urge. The kings built or occupied numerous cities as their capitals, the most important being on the , which they built from the ancient town of .
Skjærvø 2004, පිටු අංක: 348–366.
Canepa 2018, පිටු අංකය: 6.
Green 1992, p. 45
(1997). ; Krotkoff, Georg; Zahniser, A. H. Mathias (eds.). Humanism, Culture, and Language in the Near East: Studies in Honor of Georg Krotkoff. . p. 284. ISBN . In the Middle Persian period (Parthian and ), was the medium of everyday writing, and it provided for writing , , , and .
De Jong 2008, p. 24, "It is impossible to doubt that the Parthians were Zoroastrians. The evidence from the Nisa ostraca and the Parthian parchment from Avroman suffice to prove this, by the use of the Zoroastrian calendar, which was restricted in use, as it had been previously, to communication with Iranians only, yielding to the Seleucid calendar whenever the Parthians dealt with non-Zoroastrians. There are indications, however, that the practice of Zoroastrianism had reserved a large place for the cult of divine images, either those of ancestors in the Fravashi cult, or of deities, and for the existence of sanctuaries dedicated to named deities other than Ahura Mazda, and including deities that are of a non-Avestan background. The Parthian god Sasan is a case in point, but better evidence comes from Armenia, where alongside Aramazd and Anahit, Mher and Vahagn, the West Semitic god Barshamin, and Babylonian Nane were worshipped, as well as the Anatolian Tork and the goddess Astghik of disputed origins."
Brosius 2006, p. 125, "The Parthians and the peoples of the Parthian empire were . Each ethnic group, each city, and each land or kingdom was able to adhere to its own gods, their respective cults and religious rituals. In the city-god continued to be the main deity alongside the goddesses and , while 's main god, the sun-god , was revered alongside a multiplicity of other gods."
Koshelenko & Pilipko 1996, p. 149-150, "Buddhism was practiced in the easternmost reaches of the Parthian Empire."
Sheldon 2010, p. 231
Turchin, Peter; Adams, Jonathan M.; Hall, Thomas D (දෙසැම්බර් 2006). "East-West Orientation of Historical Empires". Journal of World-Systems Research. 12 (2): 223. 1076-156X. 17 සැප්තැම්බර් 2016 දින පැවති මුල් පිටපත වෙතින් . සම්ප්‍රවේශය 16 සැප්තැම්බර් 2016.
Taagepera, Rein (1979). "Size and Duration of Empires: Growth-Decline Curves, 600 B.C. to 600 A.D.". Social Science History. 3 (3/4): 121. doi:10.2307/1170959. 1170959.
From Ἀρσάκης Arsakēs, from 𐭀𐭓𐭔𐭊 Aršak.

භාහිර සබැඳි

Various articles from Iran Chamber Society (Parthian Empire, The Art of Parthians, Parthian Army)
Parthia.com (a website featuring the history, geography, coins, arts and culture of ancient Parthia, including a bibliographic list of scholarly sources)

ඛණ්ඩාංක: 33°05′37″N 44°34′51″E / 33.09361°N 44.58083°E / 33.09361; 44.58083

මෙම ලිපිය තවමත් . විකිපීඩියාවට උදවුවක් ලෙසින් ඔබ හට එය විහිදුවාලිය හැක.

[IP-1] Fattah, Hala Mundhir (2009). A Brief History of Iraq. . p. 46. ISBN . One characteristic of the that the kings themselves maintained was their urge. The kings built or occupied numerous cities as their capitals, the most important being on the , which they built from the ancient town of .

[FOOTNOTESkjærvø2004348–366-2] Skjærvø 2004, පිටු අංක: 348–366.

[FOOTNOTECanepa20186-3] Canepa 2018, පිටු අංකය: 6.

[Green_1992_45-4] Green 1992, p. 45

[5] (1997). ; Krotkoff, Georg; Zahniser, A. H. Mathias (eds.). Humanism, Culture, and Language in the Near East: Studies in Honor of Georg Krotkoff. . p. 284. ISBN . In the Middle Persian period (Parthian and ), was the medium of everyday writing, and it provided for writing , , , and .

[6] De Jong 2008, p. 24, "It is impossible to doubt that the Parthians were Zoroastrians. The evidence from the Nisa ostraca and the Parthian parchment from Avroman suffice to prove this, by the use of the Zoroastrian calendar, which was restricted in use, as it had been previously, to communication with Iranians only, yielding to the Seleucid calendar whenever the Parthians dealt with non-Zoroastrians. There are indications, however, that the practice of Zoroastrianism had reserved a large place for the cult of divine images, either those of ancestors in the Fravashi cult, or of deities, and for the existence of sanctuaries dedicated to named deities other than Ahura Mazda, and including deities that are of a non-Avestan background. The Parthian god Sasan is a case in point, but better evidence comes from Armenia, where alongside Aramazd and Anahit, Mher and Vahagn, the West Semitic god Barshamin, and Babylonian Nane were worshipped, as well as the Anatolian Tork and the goddess Astghik of disputed origins."

[7] Brosius 2006, p. 125, "The Parthians and the peoples of the Parthian empire were . Each ethnic group, each city, and each land or kingdom was able to adhere to its own gods, their respective cults and religious rituals. In the city-god continued to be the main deity alongside the goddesses and , while 's main god, the sun-god , was revered alongside a multiplicity of other gods."

[8] Koshelenko & Pilipko 1996, p. 149-150, "Buddhism was practiced in the easternmost reaches of the Parthian Empire."

[sheldon_2010_231-9] Sheldon 2010, p. 231

[Turchin223-10] Turchin, Peter; Adams, Jonathan M.; Hall, Thomas D (දෙසැම්බර් 2006). "East-West Orientation of Historical Empires". Journal of World-Systems Research. 12 (2): 223. 1076-156X. 17 සැප්තැම්බර් 2016 දින පැවති මුල් පිටපත වෙතින් . සම්ප්‍රවේශය 16 සැප්තැම්බර් 2016.

[Taagepera121-11] Taagepera, Rein (1979). "Size and Duration of Empires: Growth-Decline Curves, 600 B.C. to 600 A.D.". Social Science History. 3 (3/4): 121. doi:10.2307/1170959. 1170959.

[12] From Ἀρσάκης Arsakēs, from 𐭀𐭓𐭔𐭊 Aršak.